Every programme in the directory is assigned to exactly one of eight subspecialties; general urology residencies, diplomas and masters are not listed. Formats and geography differ by subspecialty:

Urologic Oncology: 141 clinical, 7 research and 28 observership programmes across 34 countries; most listed in United States (51), United Kingdom (17), Brazil (16). Typical training covers prostate, bladder, kidney and testicular cancer surgery, often with robotic and multidisciplinary oncology training.
Endourology & Stone: 128 clinical, 0 research and 25 observership programmes across 35 countries; most listed in United States (49), India (26), United Kingdom (9). Typical training covers ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, laser lithotripsy and stone-prevention training.
Robotic Urology: 121 clinical, 1 research and 5 observership programmes across 27 countries; most listed in United States (28), United Kingdom (12), Italy (12). Typical training covers console-based robotic prostatectomy, nephrectomy, pyeloplasty and reconstruction, usually alongside laparoscopy.
Reconstructive Urology: 69 clinical, 0 research and 2 observership programmes across 18 countries; most listed in United States (37), Canada (5), United Kingdom (4). Typical training covers urethral stricture surgery, genitourinary trauma, prosthetics and complex reconstruction.
Pediatric Urology: 123 clinical, 2 research and 6 observership programmes across 33 countries; most listed in United States (31), Canada (11), United Kingdom (9). Typical training covers congenital anomalies, hypospadias, reflux, neurogenic bladder and reconstructive surgery in children.
Andrology & Men’s Health: 88 clinical, 3 research and 5 observership programmes across 25 countries; most listed in United States (43), Brazil (8), Canada (6). Typical training covers male infertility, sexual dysfunction, testosterone deficiency and penile prosthetic surgery.
Functional Urology: 80 clinical, 3 research and 36 observership programmes across 26 countries; most listed in United States (49), United Kingdom (12), Canada (8). Typical training covers incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, neurogenic bladder, urodynamics and female pelvic reconstruction.
Transplant Urology: 43 clinical, 0 research and 3 observership programmes across 14 countries; most listed in United States (19), India (11), Canada (3). Typical training covers kidney transplant surgery, donor and recipient evaluation and the urologic care of transplant patients.